Should Pornography Be Restricted - 1492 Words

The controversy over whether pornography should or should not be restricted has been a widely debated topic over the past few decades. Proponents of such restriction bring to light the degrading message pornography depicts that perpetrates the silencing of women. Even though the silencing and subordination of women is a real phenomenon, the overall significance and effect the pornography industry has on it seems widely overestimated. Furthermore, the implications of such restriction seem far more severe when compared to the overall disadvantages the pornography industry creates. To begin, premise one is that if pornography restricts women’s freedom of speech, then pornography silences and subordinates women. Premise two is that pornography restricts women’s freedom of speech. The conclusion, therefore, is that pornography silences and subordinates women. Premise one is true because anything that silences or restricts a person from being able to say what they mean in a way that they mean it is restricting that person’s freedom of speech. Premise two is true because a woman could say no, but her lack of consent would not be taken seriously. There is a growing rape culture present in society. The context of the scenes depicted in pornography and goals of the pornography industry all together inadvertently objectifies women. â€Å"Catherine McKinnon states that pornography is the sexually explicitly subordination of women,† according to Langton. It is essential to look beyond whatShow MoreRelated Internet Censorship Essay802 Words   |  4 Pagesmean to us? What is restricted? Censorship is summarily defined as the suppression of objectionable material. That means that material such as pornography, militant information, offensive language, anti-religion, and racism would be restricted in use. Freedom would not only be restricted to material placed on the web, but also what you could access, and where you could explore. Should the right of Freedom of Speech be taken away from us on the Internet? Having stated this, should there be any restrictionsRead MoreEssay on The Pornography Debate809 Words   |  4 PagesThe Pornography Debate Pornography has been the topic of discussion in the court systems for years. Many would like to see legislation against it and software to filter it. The problem is its not that easy and making laws against it would pose a problem against the first amendment. There have many issues brought up on the grounds that it is demoralizing to women and is filth for the eyes of children. But, is pornography really that harmful? There are many reasons why the government is havingRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Pornography887 Words   |  4 PagesMacKinnon asserts that pornography is ‘more act-like than thought-like’. In other words, it is an illocutionary act, in which the act of expression itself constitutes the intended action of silencing and subordinating women. It silences women by privileging the male perspective to such an extent that the female perspective disappears; it subordinates women by placing them in the role of a mere object to be used for the sexual satisfaction of men, thus enabling men to exert power over women. TheRead MoreVirtual Child Pornography Case Study818 Words   |  4 PagesCase 1-Virtual child pornography Parties are The Federal Child Pornography Prevention Act, the people in the porn video, and the people recording it. The moral issue is people that are playing in porn videos posing as a child but is really an older person that looks young, also the people who think this is okay to watch. â€Å"Virtual child pornography† is a term given to video depictions of child/child or child/adult sexual activity in which the â€Å"participants† are not actual children but realistic computer-generatedRead More Censorship Essay - No Need to Censor Pornography1362 Words   |  6 PagesNeed to Censor Pornography      Ã‚  Ã‚   Pornography is often considered an ugly word and possibly an ugly act. The pictures and words of pornography can be vulgar and degrading to many of us, but is it the evil of all things? Is it, and it alone, responsible for sexism, rape, racism, battery, and child abuse? No! The media is loaded with many sexist, racist, violent material, and most of it is not considered pornography. The issue of violence and oppression is much deeper than pornography. Most peopleRead MoreThe Negative Impact of Pornography on Behavior Essay1564 Words   |  7 Pages Studies have shown that pornography has several significant effects on an individual. A study in 2000 conducted by Oddone-Paolucci, Genuis, and Violato revealed information on the correlation between pornography consumption and behaviour (Oddone-Paolucci et al., 2000). Out of 12,323 people, eighty-five percent of people were sampled from the U.S.A, eleven percent from Canada, and two studies were done in Europe (Oddone-Paolucci et al., 2000). Overall, the analysis of the results showed â€Å"a thirty-oneRead MoreIn Support of Internet Censorship Essay639 Words   |  3 Pagesadults from obtaining harmful materials. Online there are all kinds of information on horrible things such as pornography, alcohol, drugs, guns, bombs, credit card fraud, etc. Censorship is needed. People say it takes away freedom from their lives but if there were not laws inhibiting freedom we would live in a world of chaos and anarchy. Why should we censor the Internet? Why not? Should we not censor the information superhighway so people can be perverts and terrorist. Think about all of the terribleRead More Smut, Erotic Reality/obscene Ideology Essay1700 Words   |  7 Pagescore, rather than â€Å"hard core† pornography. (Davis p. xix). The purpose of this paper is to critique Daviss claim and to study what understanding of human sexuality someone might have if they used some other resource that is available today, in this case the Internet. Davis argues that , hard core pornography is usually more abstract and less explicit than soft-core pornography. (Davis, p. xix, 1983). Davis doesnt go on to explain how hard-core pornography can be less explicit than soft-coreRead More Freedom of Expression Essay1331 Words   |  6 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the most controversial parts of the First Amendment of the US Constitution concerns freedom of expression. Some Americans, such as the Libertarians, feel there should be no censorship. On the other end of the spectrum are more conservative people, many religious, who believe there should be strict limits on what can be published. Most people would agree it is a bad idea to publish or put on the Internet the plans for homemade bombs, biological weapons, or other devices which mayRead MoreEssay on Is Censorship Justified?1174 Words   |  5 Pageseliminate discrimination on basis of race and sex, protect children, maintain stability and restore what censor sees as lost moral values. Censorship occurs when expressive materials like books, magazines, movies, videos, music or work of art are restricted to particular audiences based on their age or other characteristics. (http://www.ala.org/oif/intellectualfreedeomandcensorship.html) Censorship is not a recent development. It wasn’t imposed properly or there weren’t strict regulations before

The issue of conflict stemming from religious reasons is...

The issue of conflict stemming from religious reasons is significant as well as current because most people in the world are religious: As of 2007, only around 11% of the world do not follow a certain religion. The diagram below shows the percentage of people in the world practicing each religion as of 2007. Nearly a third of the world live in countries with restrictions on religious beliefs and practices. These restrictions include government restrictions and social hostilities. Both have the potential to create clashes among people. Global Perspectives 2 500 A number of serious conflicts with religious aspects is taking place around the world, such as the Israel Palestinian conflict. The Israel Palestinian conflict is an ongoing†¦show more content†¦Muslims also teach that Muhammad passed through Jerusalem during his first journey to heaven, strengthening their belief of their rightful possession of Jerusalem. According to a report by the Strategic Foresight Group, the estimated opportunity cost of conflict in the Middle East from 1991 to 2010 is around 12 Trillion US dollars. It has also claimed 92,000 lives from 2000 to 2012 through wars, riots and attacks. Another example of a significant religious conflict is the partition of India. The partition of India took place in August, 1949, and created two new independent nations: India and Pakistan. The subcontinent was divided, to separate the countries in order to accommodate the religious differences of Hindus and Muslims, some of which are displayed in the table below. Muslims Hindus Strict monothiests (Believing in one God) Polytheistic (Believing in multiple Gods) Eats beef Do not eat beef Follows the Qu’ran Follows the Bhagavad Gita Hindus and Muslims did not mix with each other, did not intermarry, and were separate as blacks and whites were in the United States in the 1950’s. The primarily muslim sections of India became Pakistan, and the primarily Hindu sections became the republic of India. The partition of India left more than a million dead, fifteen million refugees and tens of thousands of abducted women. The results of the partition of India are still felt today; relations between the neighbouring countries remain tense. ItShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Ethics And Differences For Nurses1613 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough they both want the best for their patients’ health, nurses are not met with the same high demands as doctors. The modern practice of medicine raises a plethora of complex issues, medical, ethical and legal and while the nurses is primarily focused on the patient, the doctor has much more to consider. Representatives from Industry: Insurance Companies Insurance companies are responsible for selling health care plans to people. 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Because of the colossal impact of religion in the countries surveyed the only accurate way to peek at how these people understanding themselves and their place in the world is to first have an understanding of the major religion or religions that are at workRead MoreThe Work Oriented Culture Of The Day2691 Words   |  11 Pagesprevalent. Many studies suggest that many people now meet romantic partners at work (Binetti 153). In the work-oriented culture of the day, â€Å"office romances and related topics of sex and privacy have become important issues confronted by most employers† (Wilson, Filosa, and Fennel 78). â€Å"A well-drafted, carefully implemented and widely disseminated corporate policy regarding fraternization among employees can provide substantial legal protection to employers† (Wilson, Filosa, and Fennel, 85). 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Perpetrators of workplace violence come from every level of society, so it’s not simply an economic or class issue. Some researchers suggest that workplace stress and feelings of unjust persecution seem to be the strongest factors

Meeting Scene Romeo and Juliet VS Gnomeo and Juliet Essay Example For Students

Meeting Scene Romeo and Juliet VS Gnomeo and Juliet Essay The celebrated drama Romeo and Juliet. written by William Shakespeare. is the narrative of two star-crossed lovers. Romeo. the lone inheritor of Montague. falls in love with Juliet. the inheritress of Capulet. but their love is out due to a competition between houses ensuing in a dual self-destruction. Two versions of William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet are Asbury’s Gnomeo and Juliet ( 2011 ) . portrayed as humourous through assorted movie techniques. and Luhrmann’s Romeo and Juliet ( 1996 ) . portrayed as a calamity through similar movie techniques. This will be shown through the usage of movie techniques like linguistic communication. camera angles and mise-en-scene. Fristly. linguistic communication characteristics are used by both Luhrmann’s version of Romeo and Juliet and Asbury’s version of Gnomeo and Juliet. In Luhrmann’s Romeo and Juliet linguistic communication characteristics such as similes are being used in the meeting scene. R omeo is comparing Juliet to a saint and himself to a pilgrim. He is stating that as it’s a long last. when he eventually found the object of his fear. Romeo takes her custodies. and offered to snog off and damage he might of has caused or may hold been committed in the procedure. This is apparent when Romeo provinces. â€Å"If I profane with my unworthiest manus this sanctum shrine. the soft wickedness is this: My lips. two crimsoning pilgrims. ready to stand to smooth that unsmooth touch with a stamp buss. † Luhrmann’s version of Romeo and Juliet uses linguistic communication to make the feel of Romeo and Juliet falling in love with each other before they find out who they truly are. The grief and knowing that both parents won’t let them together is tragic. In Asbury’s Gnomeo and Juliet play on words are used all throughout the movie. In the meeting scene Gnomeo and Juliet are mucking around with each other as they both want the flower. As Juliet gets the flower from Gnomeo she states. â€Å"Who’s your Gnomeo now? † This used for when Juliet steals the Orchid from Gnomeo as they are play around with each other. This leads to Juliet chat uping with Gnomeo as she develops feelings for him this creates a feel of felicity and cheerful between the character and the audience. The different linguistic communication characteristics that have been used in both movies shows that the two have both constructed two different versions of William Shakespeare Romeo and Juliet. Second. the usage of camera angles are used in Luhrmann’s Romeo and Juliet to demo the tragic and emotion consequence the movie has on the audience. In Asbury’s Gnomeo and Juliet the camera angle creates a romantic and humourous. This is shown in Luhrmann’s version through the low angle when Romeo and Juliet meet and realise who they really are. The low angle is for Romeo when he runs after Juliet to see where she is traveling so finds her with her female parent Mrs Capulet. The camera angle captures the Romeo’s facial look. his confusion that his one true love is his household emery and now Romeo doesnâ⠂¬â„¢t understand why person so prefect in his eyes could be his household worst emery of them all. In the Asbury’s version of Gnomeo and Juliet the camera angles are used to demo that the movie is humourous. The camera angle that has been used in the meeting scene Gnomeo and Juliet is an oculus degree angle ; this is shown when Gnomeo and Juliet mounting up the greenhouse and when they both reach for the Orchid. The intent behind utilizing oculus degree angle is used to make the scene romantic when they touch for the first clip. The camera angle is used to do the audience think that the two are in love and they are meant to be together everlastingly right so and here. Camera angles are used in Luhrmann’s Romeo and Juliet to demo the calamity. The camera angles are used in Asbury’s Gnomeo and Juliet to demo the humourous through the camera angles as Gnomeo and Juliet. In add-on. the usage of mise-en-scene things such as props. costumes. illuming. facial looks and arrangement are used throughout both movies. Luhrmann’s version of Romeo and Juliet the cost umes played a large portion in the meeting scene. In the scene Romeo is dressed up as a knight and Juliet is dressed up as an angel. Romeo see’s Juliet for what she truly is. an angel in his eyes. .u0c5868146b1ba8a55d998455f264335d , .u0c5868146b1ba8a55d998455f264335d .postImageUrl , .u0c5868146b1ba8a55d998455f264335d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0c5868146b1ba8a55d998455f264335d , .u0c5868146b1ba8a55d998455f264335d:hover , .u0c5868146b1ba8a55d998455f264335d:visited , .u0c5868146b1ba8a55d998455f264335d:active { border:0!important; } .u0c5868146b1ba8a55d998455f264335d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0c5868146b1ba8a55d998455f264335d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0c5868146b1ba8a55d998455f264335d:active , .u0c5868146b1ba8a55d998455f26 4335d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0c5868146b1ba8a55d998455f264335d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u0c5868146b1ba8a55d998455f264335d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0c5868146b1ba8a55d998455f264335d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0c5868146b1ba8a55d998455f264335d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; rig ht: 0; top: 0; } .u0c5868146b1ba8a55d998455f264335d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0c5868146b1ba8a55d998455f264335d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left: 18px; top: 0; } .u0c5868146b1ba8a55d998455f264335d .u0c5868146b1ba8a55d998455f264335d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0c5868146b1ba8a55d998455f264335d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Animal Research Essay

What is culture Argumentative Essay Example For Students

What is culture? Argumentative Essay Culture is not easily defined and there is no one definition among academics as to what exactly the concept should include. It is a word that has many meanings and values. But it is an important part of life for most of us. Culture does not mean high culture or a cultured person. It is not just the arts, but culture includes all learned behaviour. Culture is a term used by sociologists for a peoples whole way of life. In everyday conversation the word culture may refer to activities such as art, literature, and music. However, a peoples culture consists of all the ideas, objects, and ways of doing things created in a society. We will write a custom essay on What is culture? Argumentative specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Culture includes arts, beliefs, customs, inventions, language, technology and traditions. A culture is any way of life, simple or complex. Cultural anthropology defines culture as the following: A set of learned rules, standards or manners shared within a human group that describes a range of behaviors and beliefs that are proper, acceptable and valid, and are in place to promote the survival of the group. These rules govern all aspects of behavior within the human group and in most instances provide for repercussions when the rules are violated. These rules also govern relationships to other human groups and the environment. This suggests that culture is acquired by people because it consists of learned patterns of behaviour rather than the biologically determined ones that are sometimes called instinctive. Therefore, it is important to recognise that culture is an on-going process in the world around us and not a static and restricted term. Cultures differ in their details from one part of the world to another. For example, eating is a biological need. But what people eat, when and how they eat, and how food is prepared differ from culture to culture. What is appropriate in one culture is not necessarily appropriate in other cultures. An American may consider it impolite or even unpleasant to talk with someone who is standing only a foot away. Yet, this is the appropriate talking distance for most people from Latin America. Every culture has smaller cultures inside it. These are called subcultures. A subculture has most of the traits of the main culture. It also has traits that are different from the main culture. One example of a subculture is the culture of youth, of which I am a part. Matthew Arnold (1822-1888) was a poet during the Victorian era and was known for his writing on the topic of culture. Arnold saw culture as contact with the best which has been thought and said in the world and crucial for a healthy democratic state. Arnolds view of culture involved characteristics such as beauty, intelligence, and perfection His argument was that if more people share and pursue his notions of beauty, truth, and perfection then the world would be a better place. This is in complete contrast to the view of Raymond Williams who argued that culture isnt the best that has been thought and said, but rather that culture is ordinary. Raymond Williams was a lead the way in the field of cultural studies and recognised that culture was a feature of the common and therefore affected the many. He called culture the signifying system through which necessarily (though among other means) a social order is communicated, reproduced, experienced and explored. He introduced two aspects of culture: to mean a whole way of life the common meanings; to mean the arts and learning and the special processes of discovery and creative effort. Some writers reserve the word for one or other of these senses; I insist on both, and on the significance of their conjunction. .u97b7eb68bd4f4c08e2a8f53cd6a61737 , .u97b7eb68bd4f4c08e2a8f53cd6a61737 .postImageUrl , .u97b7eb68bd4f4c08e2a8f53cd6a61737 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u97b7eb68bd4f4c08e2a8f53cd6a61737 , .u97b7eb68bd4f4c08e2a8f53cd6a61737:hover , .u97b7eb68bd4f4c08e2a8f53cd6a61737:visited , .u97b7eb68bd4f4c08e2a8f53cd6a61737:active { border:0!important; } .u97b7eb68bd4f4c08e2a8f53cd6a61737 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u97b7eb68bd4f4c08e2a8f53cd6a61737 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u97b7eb68bd4f4c08e2a8f53cd6a61737:active , .u97b7eb68bd4f4c08e2a8f53cd6a61737:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u97b7eb68bd4f4c08e2a8f53cd6a61737 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u97b7eb68bd4f4c08e2a8f53cd6a61737 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u97b7eb68bd4f4c08e2a8f53cd6a61737 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u97b7eb68bd4f4c08e2a8f53cd6a61737 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u97b7eb68bd4f4c08e2a8f53cd6a61737:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u97b7eb68bd4f4c08e2a8f53cd6a61737 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u97b7eb68bd4f4c08e2a8f53cd6a61737 .u97b7eb68bd4f4c08e2a8f53cd6a61737-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u97b7eb68bd4f4c08e2a8f53cd6a61737:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Counseling And Psycotherapy Essay All these differing perspectives of culture lead me to the conclusion that it is impossible to give one complete definition. Culture is a complex term that involves what holds our societies together and how and why we live our lives the way we do. Webography http://www. co. pinellas. fl. us/BCC/yatki/culture. htm http://www. human-academy. com/english/culture. asp http://www. sou. edu/English/IDTC/Issues/CultStud/cultstud. htm http://www. cultsock. ndirect. co. uk/MUHome/cshtml/ Mark Tyrrell C:Documents and SettingsckdMy Documents ewcontentonlineprocessingpost12961. doc. What is culture Argumentative Essay Example For Students What is culture? Argumentative Essay Culture is not easily defined and there is no one definition among academics as to what exactly the concept should include. It is a word that has many meanings and values. But it is an important part of life for most of us. Culture does not mean high culture or a cultured person. It is not just the arts, but culture includes all learned behaviour. Culture is a term used by sociologists for a peoples whole way of life. In everyday conversation the word culture may refer to activities such as art, literature, and music. However, a peoples culture consists of all the ideas, objects, and ways of doing things created in a society. We will write a custom essay on What is culture? Argumentative specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Culture includes arts, beliefs, customs, inventions, language, technology and traditions. A culture is any way of life, simple or complex. Cultural anthropology defines culture as the following: A set of learned rules, standards or manners shared within a human group that describes a range of behaviors and beliefs that are proper, acceptable and valid, and are in place to promote the survival of the group. These rules govern all aspects of behavior within the human group and in most instances provide for repercussions when the rules are violated. These rules also govern relationships to other human groups and the environment. This suggests that culture is acquired by people because it consists of learned patterns of behaviour rather than the biologically determined ones that are sometimes called instinctive. Therefore, it is important to recognise that culture is an on-going process in the world around us and not a static and restricted term. Cultures differ in their details from one part of the world to another. For example, eating is a biological need. But what people eat, when and how they eat, and how food is prepared differ from culture to culture. What is appropriate in one culture is not necessarily appropriate in other cultures. An American may consider it impolite or even unpleasant to talk with someone who is standing only a foot away. Yet, this is the appropriate talking distance for most people from Latin America. Every culture has smaller cultures inside it. These are called subcultures. A subculture has most of the traits of the main culture. It also has traits that are different from the main culture. One example of a subculture is the culture of youth, of which I am a part. Matthew Arnold (1822-1888) was a poet during the Victorian era and was known for his writing on the topic of culture. Arnold saw culture as contact with the best which has been thought and said in the world and crucial for a healthy democratic state. Arnolds view of culture involved characteristics such as beauty, intelligence, and perfection His argument was that if more people share and pursue his notions of beauty, truth, and perfection then the world would be a better place. This is in complete contrast to the view of Raymond Williams who argued that culture isnt the best that has been thought and said, but rather that culture is ordinary. Raymond Williams was a lead the way in the field of cultural studies and recognised that culture was a feature of the common and therefore affected the many. He called culture the signifying system through which necessarily (though among other means) a social order is communicated, reproduced, experienced and explored. He introduced two aspects of culture: to mean a whole way of life the common meanings; to mean the arts and learning and the special processes of discovery and creative effort. Some writers reserve the word for one or other of these senses; I insist on both, and on the significance of their conjunction. .u97b7eb68bd4f4c08e2a8f53cd6a61737 , .u97b7eb68bd4f4c08e2a8f53cd6a61737 .postImageUrl , .u97b7eb68bd4f4c08e2a8f53cd6a61737 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u97b7eb68bd4f4c08e2a8f53cd6a61737 , .u97b7eb68bd4f4c08e2a8f53cd6a61737:hover , .u97b7eb68bd4f4c08e2a8f53cd6a61737:visited , .u97b7eb68bd4f4c08e2a8f53cd6a61737:active { border:0!important; } .u97b7eb68bd4f4c08e2a8f53cd6a61737 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u97b7eb68bd4f4c08e2a8f53cd6a61737 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u97b7eb68bd4f4c08e2a8f53cd6a61737:active , .u97b7eb68bd4f4c08e2a8f53cd6a61737:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u97b7eb68bd4f4c08e2a8f53cd6a61737 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u97b7eb68bd4f4c08e2a8f53cd6a61737 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u97b7eb68bd4f4c08e2a8f53cd6a61737 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u97b7eb68bd4f4c08e2a8f53cd6a61737 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u97b7eb68bd4f4c08e2a8f53cd6a61737:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u97b7eb68bd4f4c08e2a8f53cd6a61737 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u97b7eb68bd4f4c08e2a8f53cd6a61737 .u97b7eb68bd4f4c08e2a8f53cd6a61737-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u97b7eb68bd4f4c08e2a8f53cd6a61737:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Counseling And Psycotherapy Essay All these differing perspectives of culture lead me to the conclusion that it is impossible to give one complete definition. Culture is a complex term that involves what holds our societies together and how and why we live our lives the way we do. Webography http://www. co. pinellas. fl. us/BCC/yatki/culture. htm http://www. human-academy. com/english/culture. asp http://www. sou. edu/English/IDTC/Issues/CultStud/cultstud. htm http://www. cultsock. ndirect. co. uk/MUHome/cshtml/ Mark Tyrrell C:Documents and SettingsckdMy Documents ewcontentonlineprocessingpost12961. doc.

Phillisophical Analisys

Phillisophical Analisys Nicolo Machiavelli: Basic nature of man- believes it is better to be feared then loved. He believed that we should be avoid being hated. People more quickly forget the death of their father, than the loss of their inheritance.Purpose and aim of state- believes virtues can lead to ones construction, whereas some vices allow one to strive. Virtues, which we commonly praise in people, might lead to their downfall.Structures used to implement the state- believe best to have a reputation of being generous, if generosity is done in secret. Believes those two types of principal government's monarchies and republics.Use in role of law- he became an important diplomat when the Medici family regained power in 1512.Moral or Philosophical Ends To Be Achieved- he developed writings of plays that were historical, political philosophy, and even plays. In the end he ultimately gained favor with the Medici family.David Hume's statements on ethics foreshadowed tho...His greatest work is the prince wri tten in 1513 published after his death in 1532. Its main theme was that princes should retain absolute control over their territories. His work wasn't taken well and soon condemned by the pope.John Locke: Basic Nature of Man- man convinces others that a plot of land is his he combines his labor with his plot and this became property.Purpose and Aim of the State- awareness and reality Structure Used to Implement the State-Locke believes that we can only think about non-mental entities by being aware of mental entities that represent them. In building this relationship he wrote that we must controlled our belief forming capabilities and is our duty to do so.Use in role of law- Locke's second Treatise of Government a defining work in the soon to merge American Government, was based on Locke's concept of natural law.Moral or Philosophical Ends To Be Achieved- The hinge of the work was the concept of private property.Thomas Hobbes: Basic Nature of Man- Hobbes argues that in the absence o f social condition every action we perform no mater how charitable or benevolent, it is done for reasons which are self-serving. Says that people are poor, nasty, brutish, and short at best.Purpose and aim of the state- by the beginning of his residence in Paris 1640 Hobbes had matured the plan for his own philosophical work. It was to consist of three treatises, dealing respectively with matter or body, with human nature, and with society.Structure used to implement the state- Hobbes draws on the language of the natural law tradition of morality.Use in role of law- Hobbes studied the law of heresy and wrote a short treatise on the subject providing that there was no court that he could be judged. Argues that monarchy is the best type of government cause a monarch's interests are the same as the people.Moral or Philosophical Ends To Be Achieved- Sovereign can not be unjust or injure any subject; the sovereign can not be put to death; subject owe him sole loyalty; subjects can not be freed from their obligation; dissenters must consent with the majority in declaring a sovereign; the right to censor doctrines repugnant to peace; legislative power of prescribing rules; judicial power of deciding all controversies; make war and peace with other nations; choose counselors; power of reward and punishment; power of all civil appointments including the militia.Jean-Jacques Rousseau- Basic Nature of Man- said that man is essentially good, a noble savage when in state of nature, and that good people are made unhappy and crupted by their experiences in society. Purpose and Aim of State- he argued that the goal of government should be to secure freedom, equality, and justice for all within the state, regardless of the will of majority. Structure used to implement the State- Rousseau's political philosophy is that politics and morality should not be seperated. When a state fails in a moral fashion, it ceases to function in the proper manor in ceases to exert genuine author ity over the individual. The second most important principal is freedom, which the state is created to preserve.Use in role of law- argued that the advancement of art and science had not been beneficial to mankind. He proposed that the progress of knowledge had made governments more powerful, and crushed individual liberty. He concluded that material progress had actually undermined the possibility of sincere friendship, replacing it with jealousy, fear and suspicion. Moral or Philosophical Ends to be Achieved- Rousseau's ideas about education have profoundly influenced modern educational theory. He minimizes the importance of book learning, and recommends that a child's emotions should be educated before his reason. He placed a special emphasis on learning by experience.David Hume- Basic Nature of Man-Believed humans had passion, free-will and morality, offering original and often skeptical appraisals of these notions.Purpose and Aim of State-By the end of the century, Hume was rec ognized as the founder of the moral theory of Utility. Utilitarian political theorist, Jeremy Bentham, acknowledges Hume's direct influence on him. Hume's Political Discourses drew immediate praise and influenced economic thinkers such as Adam Smith, Godwin and Thomas Malthus.Structures Used to Implement the State-Hume was a candidate for the Chair of Moral Philosophy at the University of Edinburgh. The position was to vacated by John Pringle and leading candidates were Hume and William Cleghorn. The Edinburgh Town Counsel was responsible for electing the replacement. Critics opposed Hume by condemning his anti-religious writings.Use in Role of Law-Hume attacks the character of the clergy, accusing this profession of being motivated by ambition, conceit and revenge.Moral or Philosophical Ends to Be Achieved-Hume offered Rousseau refuge in England and secured him a government pension. In England, Rousseau became suspicious of plots, and publicly charged Hume with conspiring to ruin h is character under the appearance of helping him. Hume published a pamphlet defending his actions and was exonerated. His remaining years were spent refining and revising his published works, and socializing with friends in Edinburgh's intellectual circles. After his death, Hume's name took new significance as several of his previously unpublished works appeared.

The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire

The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire At the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory in Manhattan, somewhere around 4:30 p.m. on Saturday, March 25, 1911, a fire began on the eighth floor. What started the fire has never been determined, but theories include that a cigarette butt was thrown into one of the scrap bins or there was a spark from a machine or faulty electrical wiring. Most on the eighth floor of the factory building escaped, and a phone call to the tenth floor led to most of those workers evacuating. Some made it to the roof of the next door building, where they were later rescued. The workers on the ninth floor with only a single unlocked exit door did not receive notice, and only realized something was wrong when they saw the smoke and flames that had spread. By that time, the only accessible stairwell was filled with smoke. The elevators stopped working. The fire department arrived quickly but their ladders did not reach to the ninth floor to allow escape by those trapped. The hoses didnt reach adequately to put out the flames quickly enough to save those trapped on the ninth floor. Workers sought escape by hiding in dressing rooms or the bathroom, where they were overcome with smoke or flame and died there. Some tried to open the locked door, and died there of suffocation or the flames. Others went to the windows, and some 60 of them chose to jump from the ninth floor rather than die from the fire and smoke. The fire escape was not strong enough for the weight of those on it. It twisted and collapsed; 24 died falling from it, and it was not of use to any others trying to escape. Thousands of spectators gathered in the park and streets, watching the fire and then the horror of those jumping. The fire department had the flames under control by 5 p.m., but when firefighters entered the floors to continue to bring the smouldering fire under control, they found charred machines, intense heat and bodies. By 5:15, they had the fire completely under control and 146 had died or suffered injuries from which theyd die shortly. Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire: Index of Articles Quick Overview of the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire1911 - Conditions at the Triangle Shirtwaist FactoryThe 1909 Uprising of the Twenty Thousand  and the 1910 Cloakmakers Strike: background​After the Fire: identifying victims, news coverage, relief efforts, memorial and funeral march, investigations, trialFrances Perkins and the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire Related: Josephine GoldmarkILGWUWomen’s Trade Union League (WTUL)

The Tiebout Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Tiebout Model - Essay Example The main finding included the fact that inter-jurisdictional competition is a vital element of the mechanism. The key players in Tiebout’s model are individual citizens and governments. business firms are not an explicit part of the model (Brueckner 2004, p 138). It was meant to be applied to local governments and to a lesser degree, to state governments. The model assumes citizens have full knowledge of government revenue and expenditure packages, that there are a large number of communities among which individuals can choose to live, and that people will opt for the community that best satisfies their preferences. Moreover, the model assumes that government services exhibit no spillover effects (Billings 2008, p 45). Tiebout’s model made three additional assumptions; one, that jobs impose no locational constraint on individuals; two, that a community’s optimal size, meaning the size for which the average cost of producing a particular packages of public service s is minimized, can be determined; and three, that each community seeks to attain its optimal size (Feiock 2004, p. 76). The model envisions citizens sorting themselves out among available communities so that demands for government services within any particular community would become homogenous. In theory, Tiebout concluded that to the extent these rather restrictive assumptions are met, good and services provided by the local public sector will exhibit both allocative efficiency (the right amounts of the various good and services are produced ) and productive efficiency (they are produced at least cost) (Rivkin 2001, p. 206). In Tiebout’s model, community taxes would be benefit taxes, or proportional to the benefits citizens receive form public services, rather than taxes based on the ability to pay. Tiebout’s model implies that any redistribution of income is taken care of by the federal government (Rivkin 2001, p. 207). Despite all the pros of the Tiebout model, va rious changes in the finance systems of local governments over the last three decades, such as fiscal centralization, work against the establishment of Tiebout effects. This uniformity is undesirable and future reforms should target to encourage a greater diversity of service provision. Competition among local governments, cities and municipalities, as depicted in Tiebout’s model, most at times serve to improve efficiency and delivery of service and goods to the citizens. Based on Tiebout’s model, where there is competition, citizens will come together to take care of all types of demands for public goods and service (Widmer & Zweifel 2008, p. 5). Moreover, individuals will relocate to communities that best meets their demand for public goods and services and the productivity is improved and more efficient since shady and/ ineffective providers of public services and goods will not get any clients. Tiebout model has all the benefits of a competitive market (Feiock 2004 , p. 97). According to Tiebout, it is clear that decentralization of provision of public goods and services results in a positive influence on performance. The rationale is that citizens will procure from the providers who give them the best quotient between public service and tax paid. In a study on fiscal equalization, where disparities among local

Flim Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Flim - Essay Example Wishing we had never existed instead because our life is a total failure in its current form? That is the premise of the movie â€Å"Its a Wonderful Life† by Frank Capra. First released in 1946, this Christmas drama was originally based on the short story â€Å"The Greatest Gift† by Phillip Van Doren. The movie starred James Stewart as George Bailey, a self-sacrificing man who is willing to put his own dreams on hold in order to help those in his town achieve theirs. He inherited a money lending business from his father that, due to the economic depression caused by the war, was on the verge of bankruptcy. In order to prevent a bank run, George tried to commit suicide but is prevented from doing so by his guardian angel Clarence Odbody (Henry Travers). Influenced by A Christmas Carol themes, Clarence sets about saving George by showing him how the town would have turned out much differently if he and his business had never become a part of the lives of the townsfolk. In the end, George realizes that his life has not been a complete failure and that his life is â€Å"wonderful† just as it is, specially with the town residents coming to the aid of his failing bank by contributing more money to save it. The movie in itself is a study of the history of the banking history. With no real banking system existing at the end of the 19th century, small money lenders helped the town business by accepting cash deposits from clients that could then be lent out to business owners. This lending institution known as the savings and loan system would become the bedrock of the great American dream. However, it came at a great price. Remember the term â€Å"Bank Run†? It was first used in this movie to explain how the antagonist, Mr. Potter refused to open up the coffers of the town bank to the people in order to help them survive to their next paycheck by giving them loans or allowing them to withdraw their deposits. He is the representation of everything that is

Promoting Health Internationally Essay Example for Free

Promoting Health Internationally Essay Developing countries are beset with health crises to a greater extent than their more developed counterparts. The lack of resources and the presence of numerous demanding needs causes the insufficient allocation of such resources for the addressing of health issues. In other countries, there is simply no technology to produce the necessary cures for the bigger diseases besetting their populations. Whereas in more developed countries with greater storehouse of resources there is a greater capacity to address health problems, particularly with a more developed technological platform to work from. Not only this, but developing countries have a marked decline in addressing sanitation concerns thus making for environments more prone to diseases caused by bacteria, worms, and viruses.1 With more hygienic living conditions, this is not the observed case in developing countries. Thus, a combination of non-hygienic conditions and low access to healthcare creates atmospheres for developing nations making them more prone to experiencing severe health problems. The first concern regarding health problems in developing countries is the possibility of a disease to develop which is easily transmittable from person to person. The fear of infectious diseases, particularly the fear of such diseases causing a pandemic, has had significant impact on the manner in which the global community addresses global health problems. International agencies have come up with surveillance systems to enable member countries to report incidents of infectious diseases and to better equip non-affected nations against contamination.2 The mechanism of report requires member nations to define the nature and extent of infection of the disease. This is not particularly attractive to infected nations as the reporting of diseases would adversely affect the economy of the said country. With a fear of infection, foreign investors would lower their rates of importation. This would serve to lower the economic growth of the said country. Not only this, but tourists would be fearful of visiting said foreign country and income from such investments would also decline. The stigma against the affected country would translate to a decline in the status of their economy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is in this regard that health issues of individual nations affect the global view on health. The slightest change in the ability of individual countries to provide basic resources or to contribute to the global economy would affect all other countries as a result of global interconnectedness. 3 The dependence of nations, one to the other, cannot sustain the devolution of production of goods in any one nation. Apart from moral responsibilities, this is the weightiest argument to a global perspective on health promotion. The global market favors the ensuring of wealthier nations that less affluent nations will be able to participate fully in the global trade of goods.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What is not considered in this model are non-infectious diseases plaguing the developing countries around the globe. There is little incentive for global agencies to address such problems since there is no showing that the same would affect citizens of foreign nations. Although the argument for providing aid for the same due to global trade considerations still stands, there is little to no initiative from private drug companies. The primary aim of such companies being profit, they are not drawn by the clamor for lower prices required in developing countries. Thus, the trend remains for drug companies to produce drugs and cures that will answer the needs of developed countries whom they can charge higher prices for the products and services they offer. Diseases plaguing impoverished nations such as malaria, AIDS, tuberculosis and the like are given little attention although they may present greater threats than hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. This is an unfortunate as developed nations should take it upon themselves to promote health in developing nations as well. The international community would benefit to a greater extent with the improvement of all component nations. The nations in the international community should not only consider giving aid to developing nations when the diseases may spread into their own localities but even so when the diseases may be contained domestically. The interest then should not be for global regulation of domestic plagues but it should be for international interest in holistic global health.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although drug companies refuse to focus on answering the needs of the major diseases in impoverished nations this is not to say that no organized action is being undertaken for the same. Certainly there are individuals and groups who recognize the importance of promoting health on a global scale. The World Health Organization, for example has collaborated with large pharmaceutical companies in order to bring drugs for the cure of prevalent diseases into levels of access for developing nations.4 The proposed plan is to decrease drug prices for developing nations, if the free delivery of the same is not probable, by increasing prices in affluent countries. Such a scheme would permit the subsidization of drugs by developed countries. There would thus be an equitable division of required resources in order to gain access of available cures in the market. There has also been an observed trend in scientific laboratories. Scientists capable of performing research investigating cures for diseases of poverty have shown greater inclination for the same. Funding may be an issue in the matter however, more and more charities are focusing on the aim of global health and even domestic governments are supporting the bid for finding cures for large health issues. Not only this, but movements have been made to have pharmaceutical companies share the process of production if the matter of marketing drugs at a no-profit price is not possible. Local governments or corporations could then work on producing their own drugs using the process and information shared by foreign corporations. These matters are currently being pushed by advocates worldwide. However, the international community still has much ground to cover. The problem of international health is still a major issue receiving small priority in the global scale. The problem of politicking and bureaucracy hinders advances that could be made in this field. Thus, in order to more aptly answer the problem, local policies should first be reshaped and made to realize the importance of health in the governmental platform. Furthermore, local governments should not limit themselves to addressing only their own separate needs. Garrett aptly captures the issue: Tactically, all aspects of prevention and treatment should be part of an integrated effort, drawing from countries’ finite pools of health talent to tackle all monsters at once, rather than dueling separately with individual dragons. 5 Given limited resources, in the international sense as well as in the domestic, the pooling of these same resources is the best solution to the problem of both global and local health. The vision of individual nations should be enhanced to not only address their own problems but they should start to realize the relevance in investing in a global perspective in answering health issues. Certainly, with a view of the same, advances will be made not only for short term goals of fending off singular diseases in certain nations but more so the long term goal of eradicating debilitating diseases that could potentially reappear in similar conditions or in evolved forms. The answer then is to prepare internationally for the problem of global health as the strengthening of individual platforms in individual nations will address the root issue of recurring conditions. This will serve not only to strengthen the global health system but even other sectors of concern such as trade and global relations as more and more countries invest in programs reflecting amity and gratuity. BIBILIOGRAPHY Check, Erika,â€Å"Quest for the Cure,† Foreign Policy, (2006): 28-36. Garrett, Laurie, â€Å"The Challenge of Global Health,† Foreign Affairs 86(1), (2007): 14-38. Naim, Moises and Brundtland, Gro Harlem, â€Å"The FP Interview: The Global War for Public Health,† Foreign Policy 128, (2002): 24-36. Osterholm, Michael T., â€Å"Unprepared for a Pandemic,† Foreign Affairs 86(2), (2007): 47-57. Zacher, Mark W., â€Å"Global Epidemiological Surveillance,† in Inge Kaw, Isabelle Grunberg, and Marc A. Stern, â€Å"Global Public Goods: International Cooperation in the 21st Century (eds.),† (1999), NY: UNAP.

It’s Time to Face the Problems Caused by Our Ancestors :: Argumentative Persuasive Argument Essays

It’s Time to Face the Problems Caused by Our Ancestors The past two hundred years have witnessed a massive rise in both industrial and population growth. As a result we as a race have begun overusing and destroying our resources on a level never before seen in the history of humanity. OK. So what? Many would argue that we as a species need to expand; we have the right to control and use our environment to the extent that it will allow us. Humans can, should, and are affecting the world around them on a level never before seen or recorded by society. These last statements epitomize what I call â€Å"the economists view† of environmental degradation. We have always exploited the environment to a large degree, and we have always emerge fine, in fact, we are arguably more fine now than we have ever been in the past. So why bother? What is the problem with overpopulation, one might ask? More people on the Earth? Great! More people to expand humanity! More geniuses born into each generation to solve the problems the last generation left behind. What’s the big deal? Surprisingly, on the order of serious environmental problems, few people outside the scientific or political spheres have any idea about the threat overpopulation poses. The Earth’s population as of now is about 6 billion right now. It took the entirety of human existence up until 1960 to reach the level of 3 billion. It took, oh, 30 years after that for the world’s population to double. How long will it take to double again? As of now, all the soldiers that died in World War II would be replaced within less than half an hour. No one has any idea how many people the Earth is actually able to hold. As of now, we are sitting on a larger version of Easter Island not sure when the shoe is going to drop. More geniuses born to solve our problems for us? Not if they are born in to peasant parents in an Indian town and never get the education they can use to help humanity. The truth is we have no idea how many people the Earth can hold. One can even argue that the Earth can’t support all the people it has now. Millions upon millions do not have it as cushy as Americans do, there is mass starvation in many third world countries as well as other problems associated with children.

Childhood: The Best Phase in Life Essay

If there exists only one truth in this world than it’s the fact that there are no days like childhood. Childhood is the best phase of everyone’s life. The good thing about those days is we are immature. Immature to truly understand the world, immature to understand relationships. Perhaps one chocolate is more than enough to make someone our friend. When some one asks us to choose between a hundred rupee note and few iron coins, the child in us shall always choose the iron coins. We have been given extraordinary power of weeping that is sufficient to melt anyone’s heart. I was the naughtiest child anyone can ever imagine. I had been a reason of irritation for many of my relatives and neighbours. This post of mine is dedicated to my favorite hobby of that time, The hobby of pressing doorbells. I remember there didn’t exist a single house in my colony which was not a victim of my hobby. The worst of all had to bear by Sharma Uncle, whose door bell got sick of ringing. There were nearly twenty houses between the place my school bus dropped me and my home. There existed a timetable of on which day which houses’s bell need to be rang. But as said by someone that all bad things come to an end one day, so does good that include my hobby. It was an ordinary summer noon. My vacations were going on and I were enjoying the vacations. My father had gone office and I was all alone with my mom in my big and sweet home. My mom asked me to bring wiper from a nearby shop. When I got out, I found that street were all empty without any human soul and the whole universe including the street were convincing me that there caouldn’t be a better time for practical implementation of my wonderful hobby. How could I ignore when the whole universe were wishing something from me. I saw left, I saw right but how stupid I was I wouldn’t seen the straight. Alas! Sharma aunty were coming. The operation was implemented and the bomb had been triggered, my hands had already done something that I wouldn’t forget for next 20-30 years. I had no choice but one i. e. to run. I wished india was the host of Olympics in that year and I was the first one from india to win gold in athletics, but who cares for the dreams of a poor child. The only wish I wished was that she wouldn’t had recognised me, while running, but not every wish is destined for accomplishment. I returned back with that bloody wiper and unlike other time with no chocolates. With the hope that if the case had been tracked and accused were detected than there should be consideration of the fact that that the accused had sacrificed his lovely hocolates. My mom was eagerly waiting for me at the main door of my home and behind were standing the stone hearted Sharma aunty. She opened the gate and then what happened I can’t write it in words. The only thing I remember is I had been again sent for bringing wiper after 2 hours, the old one had got sacrificed and I had gained 2 inches in my dimensions. That was an end of my wonderful hobby but the creation of an everlasting mesmerizing memory. Who said pain doesn’t give us smile..? I’m smiling today remembering the sweet pain that I got on that day

Human Trafficking Essay

Human trafficking, better known as modern day slavery, has existed within America ever since the government began to look at the world in shades of gray, and not judge people by race, religion, or gender. Thousands of Americans including women, men, and children are victims are human trafficking, and the questions in the minds of people everywhere are what exactly is taking place, why is it taking place, how is it taking place, and also who are the main targets and what can we do to help them. These innocent civilians are victims of something much bigger than just the faces sleeping on the street, selling drugs, and even worse selling their bodies. They are helpless beings of earth not criminals, and their human rights are being mentally, physically, and emotionally abused. â€Å"Combating human trafficking is going to require creativity and collaboration amongst government authorities, law enforcement, social services, academics, and victim advocates† (Thakur). Trafficking of humans seems to be this unrealistic, unheard of problem; however, it is not. â€Å"Cases of human trafficking have been reported in all 50 U.S. States† (National Human Trafficking Resource Center Report). Victims are recruited, transported, transferred, and harbored to America for the purpose of exploitation. They are forced to work in sweatshops, in houses as domestic slaves, farms, and for the commercial sex industry such as prostitution, escorts, and even in pornography. These are in nocent people that are forced to lessen themselves as people, and when law enforcement steps in, looked upon as criminals. Instead of the help and the therapy these beings of life so desperately need, they get throw into juvenile detention, which then forces them to endure more trauma to their lives than they already have been through. In cases like these, victim’s civil rights are completely taken out of the situation and tossed aside for â€Å"appropriate punishment†. Traffickers use particularly contradictive, deceptive ways to manipulate their victims to believe the false promises they propose. Some offer opportunities for a good job, education, or marriage. Since most of the victims happen to be children, the traffickers pose as a boyfriend, caretaker, or protector; however, if the victim refuses or denies, they will not hesitate to use force, threat, fraud, abduction, abuse of power, or even payments and benefits. â€Å"The vast majorities are sold through class ified ads on websites. The Attorney General’s office documented that underage girls were sold through these ads in at least 22 states† (Axtell). Vulnerability plays a huge role in trafficking. Traffickers tend to target younger children mostly because of their immaturity, gullibility, and vulnerability. McMahon 2 The risk in being caught as a trafficker deals with prison time or even death sentence, so is the risk and guilt of trafficking human beings worth all the trouble? â€Å"The National Human Trafficking Resource Center estimates it’s a $32 billion industry, with about 50% of this revenue coming from industrialized countries. This surpasses the sale of illegal arms† (Axtell). Basically, the traffickers are receiving free labor while making billions of dollars. Not to mention when demand is there, supply will follow, and there is an outrageous command for modern day slaves. Unfortunately, when an illegal industry grows so great, it takes an immense amount of time and patience to even get close to putting an end to it. Although it does seem like mission impossible to put an end to the misery, it can happen. Since authorities are beginning to see these people as victims and not criminals government programs are being created all the time. First off, they changed the law so ch ildren could not be incarcerated for their exploitation and abuse. Second, programs such as GEMS (girls education and mentoring service), and SHE (survivor healing and empowerment) are constantly providing support for victims of human trafficking. Stop Child Trafficking Now donated 21,060 dollars to help fund for the prevention of trafficking, and the 2012 Nation Walk raised 210,000 dollars. SCTNow has funded programs such as cyber teams, rescue centers, rehabilitation centers, and special investigation teams. â€Å"The cyber teams are talented, professional men McMahon 3 and women who make Internet pathways safe for children† (SCTNow). They identify and track down cyber predators who pose online as teenagers. Also, they keep all communities aware with the community investigative teams they fund as well. On top of funding programs to stop trafficking SCTNow focus a vast amount of energy of the effort on stopping the demand for human trafficking. With this entire desperate endeavor to stop the abuse on civil rights, one day it might just happen. Even though anyone can be trafficked, traffickers target vulnerable people. Factors that cause vulnerability include lack of opportunities, poverty, unemployment, abusive homes and young age. Although men, women and children are all defenseless, but young women are especially of interest because the traffickers force them into prostitution that financially benefits them. â€Å"At least 12.3 million people in the world are trafficked† (CRS). Out of the 12.3 million people trafficked, 1 million of th em were children alone; however, on average, only one person is convicted for every 800 trafficking cases worldwide. Not even one percent of the children victims are identified. Ages twelve to fourteen are the primary target for traffickers. Most of the young girls who end up in the sex trade come from dysfunctional, abusive homes and they just end up running away; however, some of the children do not have parents at all and have experienced an extremely rough life. They fall into the lies that the traffickers tell them. The traffickers paint them McMahon 4 a picture of a new, happy future, but more often than not they end up dead, an addict, or more miserable then before. In the United States, California has 3 of the FBI’s 13 highest child sex trafficking areas in the nation: Los Angeles, San Francisco, and San Diego. Modern day slavery, also known as human trafficking has torn apart families, taken away civil rights, caused mental, physical, and emotional damage, and killed innocent people. Ideas are held on why and how people do it, knowledge of who the victims are and what happens to them when in the possession of a trafficker, and the government and other programs are continuously doing the best they can to help prevent, stop, and save victims of human trafficking. â€Å"Those who deny freedom to others deserve it not for themselves† (Lincoln).

Cultural Appropriation in Music - Race Relations

Cultural Appropriation in Music - Race Relations Cultural appropriation is nothing new. For years prominent whites have been accused of borrowing the fashions, music, and art forms of various cultural groups and popularizing them as their own. The music industry has been particularly hard hit by this practice. The 1991 film â€Å"The Five Heartbeats,† for example, which was based on the experiences of real African-American bands, depicts how music executives took the works of black musicians and repackaged them as the product of white artists. Due to cultural appropriation, Elvis Presley is widely regarded as being the â€Å"King of Rock and Roll,† despite the fact that his music was heavily influenced by black artists who never received credit for their contributions to the art form. In the early 1990s, white rapper Vanilla Ice topped the Billboard music charts when rappers as a whole remained on the fringes of popular culture. This piece explores how musicians with wide appeal today, such as Madonna, Gwen Stefani, M iley Cyrus, and Kreayshawn have been accused of cultural appropriation, borrowing heavily from black, Native American, and Asian traditions. Madonna The Italian-American superstar has been accused of borrowing from a host of cultures to sell her music, including gay culture, black culture, Indian culture, and Latin American cultures. Madonna may be the biggest culture vulture yet. In â€Å"Madonna: A Critical Analysis,† author JBNYC points out how the pop star wore Indian saris, bindis, and clothing during a 1998 photo shoot for Rolling Stone magazine and the following year participated in a geisha-inspired photo spread for Harper’s Bazaar magazine. Prior to this, Madonna borrowed from Latin American culture for her 1986 video â€Å"La Isla Bonita† and  from gay, black, and Latino culture for her 1990 video â€Å"Vogue.† â€Å"Although one can argue that by taking on the personas of otherwise underrepresented cultures and giving them exposure to the masses, she is doing to world cultures like India, Japan, and Latin America, what she has done for feminism and gay culture,† JBNYC writes. â€Å"However, she made political statements about feminism, female sexuality, and homosexuality about their ideological representations in the media. In the case of her Indian, Japanese, and Latino looks, she has made no political or cultural statements. Her use of these cultural artifacts is superficial and the consequence is great. She has further perpetuated the narrow and stereotypical representations of minorities in the media.† Gwen Stefani Singer Gwen Stefani faced criticism in 2005 and 2006 for appearing with a silent group of Asian-American women who accompanied her to promotional appearances and other events. Stefani called the women â€Å"Harajuku Girls† after the women she encountered in the Harajuku district of Tokyo. During an interview with Entertainment Weekly, Stefani called the â€Å"Harajuku Girls† an art project and said, â€Å"The truth is that I basically was saying how great that culture is.† Actress and comedienne Margaret Cho felt differently, calling the foursome a â€Å"minstrel show.† Salon writer Mihi Ahn agreed, criticizing Gwen Stefani for her cultural appropriation of Harajuku culture. Ahn wrote in 2005: â€Å"Stefani fawns over Harajuku style in her lyrics, but her appropriation of this subculture makes about as much sense as the Gap selling Anarchy T-shirts; she’s swallowed a subversive youth culture in Japan and barfed up another image of submissive giggling Asian women. While aping a style that’s supposed to be about individuality and personal expression, Stefani ends up being the only one who stands out.† In 2012, Stefani and her band No Doubt would face a backlash for their stereotypical cowboys and Indians video for their single â€Å"Looking Hot.† In the late 1990s, Stefani also routinely sported a bindi, a symbol Indian women wear, in her appearances with No Doubt. Kreayshawn When rapper Kreayshawn’s single â€Å"Gucci, Gucci† begin to earn buzz in 2011, a number of critics accused her of cultural appropriation. They argued Kreayshawn and her crew, known as the â€Å"White Girl Mob,† were acting out black stereotypes. Bene Viera, a writer for Clutch magazine, wrote off Kreayshawn as a rapper in 2011, in part, because of doubts about whether a Berkley Film School dropout could find her niche in hip-hop. In addition, Viera argued that Kreayshawn has mediocre skills as an MC. â€Å"It’s ironic how the white girl mimicking black culture has been viewed as quirky, cute, and interesting in the past,† Viera noted. â€Å"But sisters who fashionably rock bamboo earrings, gold nameplate necklaces, and blonde streaked weaves, will inevitably be considered ‘ghetto’ by society. It’s equally problematic that every female emcee post Queen Latifah and MC Lyte who has had massive mainstream success all had to sell sex. Kreayshawn, on the other hand, is able to avoid an over-sexualized image because of her whiteness.† Miley Cyrus Former child star Miley Cyrus is best known for her starring role in the Disney Channel program â€Å"Hannah Montana,† which also featured her country music star father Billy Ray Cyrus. As a young adult, the younger Cyrus has taken pains to shed her â€Å"child star† image. In June 2013, Miley Cyrus released a new single, â€Å"We Can’t Stop.† During that time Cyrus earned press about the song’s allusions to drug use and made headlines after debuting a markedly â€Å"urban† appearance and performing with rapper Juicy J on stage in Los Angeles. The public was shocked to see Miley Cyrus sport a grill with gold teeth and twerk (or booty pop) at the House of Blues with Juicy J. But Cyrus’ image overhaul was a decidedly concerted move, with her music producers commenting that she wanted her new songs to â€Å"feel black.† Before long, Cyrus faced a wave of criticism from African Americans concerned that she was using black culture to advance her career, which many before her had done. Dodai Stewart of Jezebel.com asserts of Cyrus: â€Å"Miley seems to delight in †¦twerking, popping the $$, bending at the waist and shaking her rump in the air. Fun. But basically, she, as a rich white woman, is ‘playing’ at being a minority specifically from a lower socio-economic level. Along with the gold grill and some hand gestures, Miley straight-up appropriates the accoutrements associated with certain black people on the fringes of society.†

How to Write a Sick Day Email

How to Write a Sick Day Email You woke up feeling wretched. You just can’t go to work. But you also don’t want your boss or coworkers to think you’re slacking off with your feet up, watching The View. The accepted way to communicate the message that you’re staying home is to send an email to your boss. But what to say? First of all, you want to make sure to send your email well advance of your start time, lest it look like you just overslept and could not be bothered coming in late.Then, just follow these 3 simple guidelines.Keep it ShortKeep it lean and mean. And resist the urge to overshare. Your boss does not want to hear the details of your phlegmy cough or stomach flu. A simple â€Å"flu† or â€Å"food poisoning† or even â€Å"migraine headache† will suffice. If you’re taking a mental health or personal day, and your company has a policy allowing for that, you can say, â€Å"I’m taking a sick day to attend to a personal matter.† And leave it at that.Be Clear on Your AvailabilityIt’s important to let your boss know whether she can expect you to check emails while you’re out of the office. If you’re too sick, just add a line making it clear that you will be totally offline (though, do give a phone number at which you can be reached if any emergencies arise). If working remotely is an option for you, just say, â€Å"I’m staying home today, but will be available by email (or will be working remotely).†Make Sure You Have an In-Office CoverIf you have any pressing projects or deadlines, or you serve a crucial role, make sure to name a qualified colleague who clients or coworkers can turn to for guidance instead. Bonus points if you reach out to that person before you give their name to your boss! If you’re working on a team project, consider shooting an email to your other team members, as well, in addition to your supervisor; it’s always nice for them to get the heads up di rectly from you.Finally, If you have it in you and want to avoid the guilt of idleness, spend a half an hour shoring up any loose ends, referring people to other parties, and setting yourself an out-of-office message so people know not to expect a prompt response. Then go right back to bed and get better already!

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 36

Leadership - Essay Example I can communicate very well with my team member. It is strength for me. My communications are very simple, clear and effective in nature. It would not crate any confusion in the mind of team member. Empathy with my team member is also strength of my character. I am very flexible in nature. I have to improve my level of conviction. This is an area where I have to work. I always give the credit of success to my team members. In this way my team members sense a feeling of responsibility and commitment. I always demonstrate my level of commitment in front of my team members; it would influence them to reach to the same level of commitment. My team member success is my success. I always take conflicts in a positive way. I always believe in together decision making. I need to improve my ability to solve any team member’s problem. This is the area where I need to concentrate more. I have clear goal for my team. I can communicate it properly in front of my group members. I believe my communication would help my group members to be recharged and energies and would feel motivated for their task. I would act as a transformational leader for my team member. I would be able to transform my group member’s life with my way of leadership. I would be able to inspire my group member and can bring a positive change among them. I am very passionate, enthusiastic and energetic in nature it would certainly influence my team members in a positive way and would help them to reach their career goal. I would focus on my task but at the same time I would very friendly and supportive with my team members. I would bring intellectual stimulation in my leadership style where I would give freedom to my team members to be more creative in their work. Every individual team members can give me their valuable ideas and advices to me. I will work in such a way that it would create an example in front of my team members and they would try

Gender and Crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Gender and Crime - Essay Example People often view gender and crime issues using the usual stereotype of men being stronger than women and having higher tendencies to be more aggressive compared to women. This concept of masculinity and femininity requires careful scrutiny of facts and empirical data to support the idea. It has only been recently that criminologists and sociologists keenly looked into and considered studying about gender and crime. (Heidensohn, 1995). The topic has been discussed only in passing in various works such as Merton' theory of anomie and the deliquency of females are considered to be similar to those of men. A major reason for this inattention to females in crime and deviance is because of the perspective that female crime has somewhat been exclusively been dealt with by men, from regulating through to legislation, and that this has continued through into the theoretical approaches, quite often portraying what could be considered as a one-sided view, as Mannheim suggested Feminism and Criminology In Britain (Heidensohn, 1995). On the other hand, assertions have been created as justification for the invisibility of women in view of hypothetical views, for example: females have an '...apparently low level of offending' (Heidensohn, 1995); that they pose less of a social threat than their male counterparts; that their 'delinquencies tend to be of a relatively minor kind' Girls In The Youth Justice System (Heidensohn, 1995), but also because of the dread that adding women in investigative studies could intimidate or challenge theories, as Thrasher and Sutherland feared would take place with their investigations and studies. (Heidensohn, 1995). More hypotheses have been formulated, with numerous arguments adjoining the involvement and disregard of women within academic and speculative studies of crime, however, with contemporary approaches and progress in feminist studies and masculinity studies, and the claims of increases in recent years in female crime, especially that of violent crime more attention seems to be becoming of this topic. In terms of aggressiveness and given the common notion that people have for men and women, research show that females should not labeled as less aggressive than men. The degree of aggressiveness is may be similar for both genders however their means of expressing this aggressive trait are different. Males make use of physical violence to express their aggressiveness therefore it can be considered that they do it the more obvious means unlike women who express their aggressiveness in a covert and less physical means. [1] [2]. In opposition to what has been concluded in previous studies and by certain sections of the media, aggressive behaviour is not naturally evident in hypogondal men who have their testosterone replaced sufficiently to the normal range. In actuality, aggressive behaviour has been linked with hypogonadism and low testosterone levels, and it would seem as though supraphysiological, low levels of testosterone, and hypogonadism cause mood disorders and aggressive behaviour, with eugondal/normal testosterone levels being important for mental well-being. Testosterone depletion is a normal consequence of aging in men. One consequence of this is an increased risk for the development of Alzheimer's Disease. In other words, testosterone has a calming effect on men. Testosterone may not be associated with crime and aggressive be

Relation of learning styles and business training Statistics Project

Relation of learning styles and business training - Statistics Project Example This chapter presents the results of analysis of the data that have been collected through sample survey. The data have been edited and coded using Micro Soft Excel and analyzed with popular statistical package- SPSS. The analysis has been undertaken in conformity with the research objectives and hypotheses set. The chapter also discusses and justifies the proof/rebuttal of any hypotheses. The major findings of the study are also demonstrated after analysis of each relevant question. Figures are exhibited wherever appropriate to make it more readable and comprehensible for readers. The above table exhibits the number of workers employed across departments. It is clear that operations department has largest number of workers and project department has only 9 workers out of the sample 74. It is also evident that department project and operations employ no female workers and the entire female employees working with the organisation belong to support department. The Table No. 2 shows the work experience of employees. Among the sample respondents, 27 percent have got experience in between 3 and 5 years. It is also clear that of the total; only 19 percent employees have experience of more than 9 years. Employees having less than 1 year experience accounts for only 20 percent, which is backed by 16 percent with 5 to 9 years experience. Table No. 3 Employee Opinion on Training Effectiveness Response Frequency Percent Strongly Agree 13 17.6 Agree 39 52.7 Neither Agree nor Disagree 8 10.8 Disagree 8 10.8 Strongly Disagree 6 8.1 Total 74 100.0 This table depicts the employee opinion on the effectiveness of training programme undertaken by the firm. Majority of the employee support the training programme that they believe training programme is effective. Among the supporters around 18 percent strongly agree, while 53 percent agree with the present system of training. However, those who do not support the present system accounts for around 19 percent, which does not sound to be a negligible one. Table No. 4 Employee Response to Mentor Method Response Frequency Percent Strongly Agree 5 6.8 Agree 5 6.8 Neither Agree nor Disagree 22 29.7 Disagree 31 41.9 Strongly Disagree 11 14.9 Total 74 100.0 Table No. 4 is intended to present the employee response to mentor method of training. It is clear that majority of the employees do not support the innovative method. Employees who support account for a meager percent when compared to that of non-supporters. Non-supporters come to around 57 percent, while those who reluctant to opine on this is around 30 percent. Table No. 5 Employee Response to Benefits of External Training Response Frequency Percent Agree 14 18.9 Neither Agree nor Disagree 31 41.9 Disagree 18 24.3 Strongly Disagree 11 14.9 Total 74 100.0 Table No. 5 shows the response of employee to External training arranged by the firm. It is evident

Effects of Petroleum in Foods and Personal Care Products

Effects of Petroleum in Foods and Personal Care Products Cowden, 1 Dating back to ancient Egypt and Europe people everywhere would use lead filled makeup on their faces and bodies. These days, however, our government realizes the dangers and would never let us apply something so hazardous on our skin, right? Wrong. Just as lead causes memory and concentration problems, nervous system and kidney damage and high blood pressure; petroleum products can also cause health issues. American businesses consistently use petroleum derivatives in our food, drinks, and personal care products, and these additives cause diseases such as, cancer, skin dermatitis, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Petroleum consists of a liquid mix of hydrocarbons found in the depths of the earth that society refines to create fuel. The term petroleum derivatives includes different chemicals made from petroleum and that have a variety of names, concealing what the people of the world truly put on their skin and in their bodies. Some of these chemicals include, parabens, tertiary-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), petroleum jelly, and paraffinum liquidum also known as mineral oil. Americans may see these items on the ingredient list of some of their groceries, just assuming that our government will protect us; after all, why would a well trusted company insert substances in their products that could cause us harm? Many people do not know what these derivatives really consist of because with names like â€Å"mineral oil†, it seems as though a product might be made with minerals. Another misconception in todays society is the use of terms such as â€Å"all natural† or â€Å"organic†. In recent years, Americans have become more concerned with general well-being and drawn to certain trends, some American consumers resolved to buy exclusively all-natural and organic products. All terms, immediately associated with good health, but just because a product claims to be â€Å"organic† or â€Å"all-natural† on the label does not necessarily mean that it does not contain hazardous chemicals. Arsenic is an all-natural substance found in minerals; that does not mean it would be safe to ingest. However, contrary to popular belief, high levels of arsenic can be detected in American rice and there are no regulations in the USA as to how much may be found in the grain. Surpri singly, the one country that does regulate the amount of arsenic allowed in rice, is China. The requirements set by the United States Department of Agricultures (USDA) National Organic Program state that the food products portraying themselves as organic must have a percentage of at least ninety-five organic ingredients and cannot be made, grown or processed with any pesticides, antibiotics, synthetic growth hormones, synthetic ingredients, or bio chemistry, and cannot be produced or processed with irradiation meaning, a food product goes through a process using radiation in order to preserve the food. If a product has a percentage of seventy or more organic ingredients and is not produced with synthetic methods, it can be labeled as â€Å"made with organic ingredients† but the product cannot use the USDA organic seal. Products that do not qualify for the previous seals, can take advantage of a loophole. One option utilized by companies to get their food products certified as naturally grown and that certain companies also considered an easier and cheaper process wou ld be to go through certification with the help of a non-profit organization sponsored program called Certified Naturally Grown. A product with the Certified Naturally Grown label on it indicates that a farmer has inspected the product and confirms the product was made using a natural process and ingredients. However, companies do not have to go through the process of maintaining these seals in order to put â€Å"natural† on the label of a product. The label will not have the Certified Naturally Grown or the USDA Certified Organic seal, but there are no requirements for using terms such as â€Å"all-natural† or â€Å"natural† on a products label because everything comes from something and is technically natural. As a result of such, petroleum and other harmful chemicals can be used in virtually any merchandise (a company or organization wishes). Labels reveal the shocking truth of what popular snack foods contain and what consumers may have eaten their whole life. TBHQ, for instance, can be found in snack foods such as American Reeses peanut butter cups, Butterfingers, Nestle Crunch, Little Debbie, CHEEZ-Its, MMs, numerous brands of (microwave) popcorn, and Wrigleys gum. Other products that use TBHQ include the popular breakfast foods such as Pop Tarts, Wheat Thins, Kelloggs frozen waffles, certain restaurant foods from McDonalds, KFC, Red Robin, Olive Garden and Taco Bell, certain brands of cooking oil, certain brands of peanut butter, personal care products, pet foods, and much more. Paraffinum liquidum (mineral oil) can be found in the popular gummy candies Swedish Fish and Life Savers, and the petroleum derivative can also be found in baby oil, moisturizers, makeup, and hair products. Parabens, are mainly found in makeup but companies also utilize them in toothpaste, tooth whitening, shampoo and conditioner and a number of styling gels and creams. Parabens and TBHQ are used as preservatives and Paraffinum Liquidum is mainly used as a film former and emollient but is also used as a cleaner and solvent for inks used in fine art printmaking. It can be used to cool electric components and as a lubricant and fuel. When companies use mineral oil in foods, they use the chemical as a glazing agent. Companies use these chemicals to preserve foods because they cost less than the alternatives and to satisfy consumers wanting cheaper products, but what is the ultimate cost? Parabens have been shown in multiple studies to be oestrogenic meaning that parabens can effect female hormones in a negative way. Of course some people do believe that it has not been proven that parabens are the definitive cause of breast cancer, and that there are other harmful chemicals in products that could also be the cause. Dr. Phillipa Darbre, an associate professor at the school of biological sciences and a program adviser for biochemistry, who for around 26 years worked on the role of estrogen in breast cancer at the cellular level, claims â€Å"There are plenty of other chemicals in these pots [of cosmetics] apart from parabens which are also oestrogenic and we have to ask questions about additive effects. We are not exposed to a chemical, we are exposed to a mixture (Mellowship pg. 77).† This statement has truth in it, nevertheless, some types of parabens have been found in the breast tissue of women diagnosed with breast cancer including a high concentration of methyl-paraben which, along with n-propyl paraben, has been discovered in human urine. In a study conducted in Denmark, twenty-six volunteers in good health applied cosmetic creams containing the ingredient butyl-paraben all over their skin and the chemical was detected in their blood stream in one hour. TBHQ, an antioxidant extracted from petroleum and the main ingredient in lighter fluid, can cause an array of health problems. According to reports from American citizens, the problems reported include, night terrors and anxiety, asthma, swollen lymph nodes, body rash, diarrhea, irritable bowl syndrome, and anaphylatic shock as well as some other serious problems. A toxic reaction may occur if only a gram of THBQ is ingested. The amount of TBHQ allowed in a product cannot exceed 0.02% of the fat and oil in the food, (this includes any essential oil in the food). ADHD has become increasingly more common in recent decades. Although reasons for this remain classified as unknown, perhaps the reason for this is that companies manufacturing their products do not want consumers to know that those items contain the possible cause. The Feingold Association has executed research and have discovered that the use of more than one additive at one time has a synergistic interaction and damages nerve cells. The Feingold Association, which researches the connection between a childs diet and any disorders the child may have, recommends removing additives and food colorings containing petroleum. Legal guardians that have followed the associations suggestions report that their childs symptoms have disappeared or significantly decreased. Another idea suggests that artificial additives act as counterfeit neurotransmitters admitting false excitable signals. Children possess a higher risk of developing negative affects from heavy metals due to processed foods cons istently removing the calcium, iron and zinc which provide a childs body with the ability to clear out heavy metals. A child has an inadequate amount of essential vitamins and minerals making processed foods a possible factor of aggressive behavior. Petroleum derivatives, mainly parabens and mineral oil, can also cause various skin rashes and reactions. Contact dermatitis, is a type of skin inflammation that has symptoms comparable to those of eczema. According to statistics, five to nine percent of men have been affected by contact dermatitis and thirteen to fifteen percent of women have been affected. Irritant contact dermatitis occurs when substances come into direct contact with a persons skin causing inflammation and irritation; irritant contact dermatitis maintains the role of the most common type of contact dermatitis. It usually causes itching, swelling, oozing, dryness and crusting. A case of allergic contact dermatitis takes place when the immune system becomes provoked after repeated exposure to a substance causing an allergic reaction which could take place around two days after exposure. Contact urticaria takes place immediately after contact with an irritable substance, causing extremely itchy welts. Contact urtica ria can be an irritant or an allergic reaction, be that as it may, an allergic reaction can follow an irritant reaction. Chronic cumulative irritancy occurs most of the time through repeated contact with mild cleansing agents such as detergents and soaps. Research that took place between 1972 and 1983 discovered that facial makeup, skin and hair care products caused the bulk of contact dermatitis reactions in the volunteers observed. The most common causes of contact dermatitis in the participants studied in order were fragrances and parabens. Due to the fact that petroleum products stand as such harmful chemicals, several countries including Norway, Finland, Australia and France have all set laws banning at least one type of petroleum based food coloring. Most certified food colorings possess petroleum bases; the differences between American foods that contain food coloring and European foods that use healthier options are drastic. The Center for Science and Public Interest (CSPI) is a non-profit group that specializes in innovative research on health and nutrition to equip consumers with valuable information about health and well being. The CSPI organization took a trip to Britain in 2008 and unearthed the variations of food coloring use. CSPI discovered that a McDonalds strawberry sundae receives its color from strawberries in Europe, whereas in America the sundae gets its color from red dye number forty. They also discovered that the European Fanta orange soda, unlike the American version which gets its color from the dyes yellow number six and red number forty, gets its orange hue from pumpkin and carrot juice. Barbara Brenner, the executive director of Breast Cancer Action, an education and advocacy organization working to cure breast cancer, said â€Å"I think it would be really interesting for people in the U.S. to learn what is being done in Europe. Because, here in America, there is something that amounts to hubris. To the extent that short-term profits are valued over life, there is a tragic flaw. Capitalism is killing us. The truth is that making our products safer is really in industrys interest, because the people who use the products would live longer, but nobody is taking a long term view (Schwartz-Nobel, 117).† The well-known cosmetics company Avon, claims to be involved in breast cancer research. It seems like a conflict of interest for cosmetic companies to be involved in the breast cancer field considering the chemicals they use, nevertheless, it seems to be a popular marketing strategy. Avon, like many other cosmetic companies, uses dangerous and untrusted chemicals and has continued to do so since 1886. Pharmaceutical companies that also use harmful chemicals, perform breast cancer research as well. But to actually discover a cure or learn how to prevent the disease would be against their financial interest. The same people that make a living treating these illnesses fund many of the health advocacy movements as well. The previously mentioned organization Breast Cancer Action decided to try and have Avon remove some of the harsh additives from their makeup, specifically parabens. Eighty-two of Avons products contain parabens. After purchasing one share of Avon and becoming a share holder, Breast Cancer Action approached three larger share holders and convinced them to hold a shareholder resolution requesting Avon to remove parabens completely from their products or using a nonestrogenic substitute. Avon replied soon after their request saying, â€Å"We believe that discontinuation of the use of parabens and replacement with an inferior preservative would present a potential health risk to our consumers that is neither necessary nor warranted (Schwartz-Nobel, 118).† This statement from the board of directors at Avon persuaded the other shareholders to vote against the proposal to remove parabens. The company Avalon, which markets the Alba, Avalon Organics, and UN-Petroleum brands of personal care products, went through a difficult but altogether rewarding process complying with the campaign for safe cosmetics toxic free pledge. They called this newly found objective, â€Å"consciousness in cosmetics†. Under new ownership at the time, the company struggled at the start. Morris Shriftman, senior vice president of marketing for Avalon, asked himself this question, â€Å"What do you do when you learn about something that can be dangerous, problematic and expensive? We had a rude awakening (Baker, 97).† After removing any additives that the European government has banned, the companys next step was eliminating any non renewable petroleum based ingredients. He goes on to say that, â€Å"We found a deeper value in what we do. And the world of consciousness in cosmetics has been very good from a business point of view (Baker, 98).† The companys sales skyrocketed up to forty million dollars. When the company announced it was being taken over by Hain Celestial group, a natural and organic food and personal care conglomerate, for twenty million dollars in 2006, Shriftman and his partners proved that even if cosmetic companies do not realize it, these companies gain no finances by using hazardous additives in their merchandise. And, that taking these chemicals out of products provides ethical as well as financial returns. On some occasions companies list petroleum products on the label, but companies only have to list an ingredient if it qualifies as a major allergen and companies do not have to declare ingredients that do not qualify as major allergens. Therefore, many companies that do not list all the ingredients used in their products for marketing purposes, hope that the potential customers that know the dangers of consuming petroleum will at least not know that their products contain it. Consumers must educate themselves on different chemicals, which products contain those chemicals, and whether the foods and products being used by them are truly safe. The consistent use of petroleum in foods and personal care products causes Americans various health issues such as anxiety and ADHD, skin irritations, reactions, rashes and cancer. Research proves that companies that have cut out petroleum derivatives from their products have an increased profit margin, yet most companies still ignore the fact that there is no long term value in using petroleum in food, makeup or personal care products as well. The American governments job is to protect the United States of America from all threats foreign and domestic; several organizations have proven that petroleum is a threat to society when consumed or applied to the skin. America should follow the example of other countries and should ban petroleum in food and skin products. At the very least, it should be law for companies to list specifically all added ingredients so that consumers have a choice as to what they use and consume every day.